Impact Of Technological Advancements On The Battle Of The...

A) Plan of Investigation: To what extent did technological advancements contribute to the victory of the Allied powers in the Battle of the Atlantic through 1939 – 1946? The Battle of the Atlantic lasted from September 1939 until the defeat of Germany in 1945; it was recalled to be the longest continuous military campaign. In the duration of six years; a glorified battle consisting of naval warfare, German U-boats, warships and Italian submarines were pitted against Allied convoys which aimed to transport military equipment and supplies across the Atlantic to Great Britain and the Soviet Union. This battle was executed to essentially gain control of Atlantic shipping routes, involved thousands of ships stretched and situated across the†¦show more content†¦Ã¯Æ' ¼ Aircrafts were very effective in protecting merchant ships; however, the problem was that Allied planes use earlier in the war did not have enough range to offer air cover or the convoys all the way across the Atlantic. The Mid-Atlantic Gap is recognized as a geographical term associated with an undefended area beyond the reach of land-based Costal Command antisubmarine aircrafts du ring the Battle of the Atlantic. Indeed this central area was known as the â€Å"Black Pit† as that was where many of the heaviest and largest convoy losses occurred. ïÆ' ¼ The introduction of the new long-range planes helped reduce the hazards of this dangerous portion of battle. Avro Lancaster was a British four-engined bomber which was implemented in warfare during the Battle of the Atlantic of the Second World War used by the Royal Air Force. It was first active as a strategic bombing offensive, and then became the main heavy bomber used by the RAF and RCAF. The Lancaster took upon the role of a long-range anti-submarine patrol aircraft and air sea rescue. It was also used as an aerial mapping resource to figure out where German U-boats most commonly attacked, hence figuring out where they usually place, with this information the Allies were able to strategically place counterattacks. The Avro Lancaster also carried passengers and delivered weapons to Britain and the Soviet Union. II. Allied scientists created many devices

The Black Panther Party And The Civil Rights Movement

By 1966, 32% of African-Americans were living below the poverty line, and almost 2/3 of people living in poor urban areas were Black. The Black Panther Party was a socialist and Black nationalist organization that was founded 51 years ago to address these issues among others. The organization, which had a far-left political position, lasted for merely 16 years and its influence continues to impact the world up till this day. It was the largest Black revolutionary organization to ever exist. Founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, the party began in October 1966 in Oakland, California. The BPP’s original purpose was to protect fellow citizens against police brutality in African-American neighborhoods. Marked by social service programs,†¦show more content†¦Newton was a political activist who earned a Ph.D. in social philosophy. The duo met at Meritt Junior College in West Oakland, California and both were part of the Soul Students Advisory Committee. Ultimately, their experiences and stances, along with the ideology of Malcolm X, influenced the Black Panther Party platform. In October of 1966, Seale and Newton sat down and wrote their first program for the party. The 10 Point Program, titled â€Å"What We Want, What We Believe,† demands freedom, full employment, guaranteed income, justice of racial robbery, decent living, better education, black men to be exempt from military service, end of police brutality, and the release of black men in jail due to unfair or lack of trials. The 10th point sets it demands out clearly by stating â€Å" We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, and peace.† In a quote from Huey P. Newton from November 1970, Newton describes the shift from a nationhood stance to a revolutionary stance in the beginning of the party. â€Å"In 1966 we called ourselves a Black Nationalist Party because we thought nationhood was the answer,† says Newton, â€Å"†¦shortly after we decided tha t what was really needed was revolutionary nationalism, that is, nationalism plus socialism.† According to the Socialist Alternative, the BPP grew to 5,000 party workers at its peak in the late 1960s, and organized 45 branches across the country. The party tookShow MoreRelatedThe Black Panther Party And The Civil Rights Movement1910 Words   |  8 PagesCreated as an armed force protecting the black community in Oakland, California, the Black Panther Party (BPP) played a short but important part in the civil rights movement. They openly believed in carrying weapons and taking control of their own neighborhoods to aid their communities and resist police brutality. The organization led a revolution that spread across the nation lead by its two notorious leaders, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. In June 5, 1966, James Meredith was shot and ambushed asRead MoreThe Black Panther Party And The Civil Rights Movement1801 Words   |  8 PagesThe Black Panther Party was a black nationalist organization who worked to teach minorities of the communities in the United States forceful and combative self defense mechanisms against the government. They set out to establish revolutionary socialism by not only organizing but also protesting against savage physical violence targeted towards Black people. Through different style of leadership, group roles, conflicts and outcomes, the Black Panther Party set out to revolutionize and forever changeRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement vs. The Black Liberation Movement Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages On The Duty of Civil Disobedience, written by Henry David Thoreau, explains that civil disobedience is the act of standing for your beliefs even though they are against the law. Thoreau goes on to say that the government (because it is ruled by the majority) is not always right for everyone especially the individual and the minority. Over the course of American history, there have been many different groups formed for the purpose of civil disobedience. The two that I am going to focus onRead MoreThe Black Panther Party For Self Defense1652 Words   |  7 PagesHuey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panthers Party for self-defense. In finding the Black Panther Party, Newton and Seale based the ideas and visions on the works of Malcolm X, a prominent figure in the Civil Rights movement, who had a â€Å"by any means necessary attitude†. â€Å"Malcolm had represented both a militant revolutionary, with the dignity and self-respect to stand up and fight to win equalit y for all oppressed minorities. Once they created the group Newton and Seale organized a missionRead More The Black Panther Party Essay813 Words   |  4 Pages The Black Panthers aren’t talked about much. The Panthers had made a huge difference in the civil rights movement. They were not just a Black KKK. They helped revolutionize the thought of African Americans in the U.S. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Black Panther had a huge background of history, goals, and beliefs. Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, Ca 1966, founded the Panthers. They were originally as an African American self defense force and were highly influenced by Malcolm X’s ideasRead MoreThe Movement that Revolutionized the Civil Rights: Black Panthers1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Panther Movement made a progressive contribution to the US and civil rights. In order for a person to understand what the Civil Rights movement was, they would need to understand what political movements were involved, that made a big impact on the Black Community. What was the Civil Rights movement? The Civil Rights movement lasted from the late 1960s and early 1970s. But, the Civil Rights was not born during that time. When Abraham Lincoln was President, he had signed an agreement namedRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr And The Civil Rights Movement1134 Words   |  5 Pages Panther Power When we think of the Civil Rights Movement, we often think of the most prominent leaders like Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X who’ve surely paved the way for the beginning of the movement. However many times we overlook the ones who aren’t talked about in the classrooms during Black History Month, or when we’re discussing the Civil Rights Movement. In response, I dedicate my paper on an African-American Organization to those who promoted the freedom and rights of BlackRead MoreSlavery During The United States966 Words   |  4 Pagesin the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco.† (History.com). According to PBS.org, African American slavery went on to last 245 years. During these times African Americans were oppressed, lynched and beaten. African Americans had no equal rights to their white counterparts. It wasn’t until a man named Abraham Lincoln took office, as the President of the United States, and created the Emancipatio n Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery and freed the African AmericansRead MoreThe Black Civil Rights Movement1120 Words   |  5 PagesFrom women to gay rights but it is undeniable that the black civil rights was the bloodiest and most violent among them. Two methods were used to bring message to the people: the violent or the non-violent way. Most activists and civil rights group like Martin Luther King Jr., NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) at that time chose for the latter but one did not follow that lead: the infamous Black Panthers Party. Each method hadRead MoreThe Black Panther Party By James Mcbride Vibrantly1313 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup of a bunch of blacks would turn out to be the most influential black rights movement? A group so controversial that there are many perspectives of how the general public views them. The Black Panther Party strikes up an immense amount of controversy despite their inactivity of almost 35 years. From the law enforcement’s perspective, The Black Panther Party were viewed as radical criminals who randomly murdered innocent police officers. Though from the standpoint of many blacks of the time, they The Black Panther Party And The Civil Rights Movement The Black Panther Party was a black nationalist organization who worked to teach minorities of the communities in the United States forceful and combative self defense mechanisms against the government. They set out to establish revolutionary socialism by not only organizing but also protesting against savage physical violence targeted towards Black people. Through different style of leadership, group roles, conflicts and outcomes, the Black Panther Party set out to revolutionize and forever change the face of the civil rights movement. Brief history of the group Originally known as the Black Panther for Self Defense, the Black Panther Party was a socialist organization formed in California. They were active in mainly the United States for approximately twenty years during the late nineteen sixties to the later nineteen eighties. They also had a chapter in Algeria for three years, but this was their only international chapter. In the beginning, the parties main objective was to challenge the brutality by the police geared at african americans because they believed that the non-violent campaign that Martin Luther King, Jr. was unsuccessful and failing to get the job done( Seale, 3). They formed because they believed that the traditional way of protesting would not have any change or affect on their lifestyles in a soon enough time and they would do a better job of getting what they wanted. The used armed citizens’ patrols to monitor the behavior of the police officers.Show MoreRelatedThe Black Panther Party And The Civil Rights Movement1732 Words   |  7 Pagesof people living in poor urban areas were Black. The Black Panther Party was a socialist and Black nationalist organization that was founded 51 years ago to address these issues among others. The organization, which had a far-left political position, lasted for merely 16 years and its influence continues to impact the world up till this day. It was the largest Black revolutionary organization to ever exist. Founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, the party began in October 1966 in Oakland, CaliforniaRead MoreThe Black Panther Party And The Civil Rights Movement1910 Words   |  8 PagesCreated as an armed force protecting the black community in Oakland, California, the Black Panther Party (BPP) played a short but important part in the civil rights movement. They openly believed in carrying weapons and taking control of their own neighborhoods to aid their communities and resist police brutality. The organization led a revolution that spread across the nation lead by its two notorious leaders, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. In June 5, 1966, James Meredith was shot and ambushed asRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement vs. The Black Liberation Movement Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages On The Duty of Civil Disobedience, written by Henry David Thoreau, explains that civil disobedience is the act of standing for your beliefs even though they are against the law. Thoreau goes on to say that the government (because it is ruled by the majority) is not always right for everyone especially the individual and the minority. Over the course of American history, there have been many different groups formed for the purpose of civil disobedience. The two that I am going to focus onRead MoreThe Black Panther Party For Self Defense1652 Words   |  7 PagesHuey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panthers Party for self-defense. In finding the Black Panther Party, Newton and Seale based the ideas and visions on the works of Malcolm X, a prominent figure in the Civil Rights movement, who had a â€Å"by any means necessary attitude†. â€Å"Malcolm had represented both a militant revolutionary, with the dignity and self-respect to stand up and fight to win equalit y for all oppressed minorities. Once they created the group Newton and Seale organized a missionRead More The Black Panther Party Essay813 Words   |  4 Pages The Black Panthers aren’t talked about much. The Panthers had made a huge difference in the civil rights movement. They were not just a Black KKK. They helped revolutionize the thought of African Americans in the U.S. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Black Panther had a huge background of history, goals, and beliefs. Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, Ca 1966, founded the Panthers. They were originally as an African American self defense force and were highly influenced by Malcolm X’s ideasRead MoreThe Movement that Revolutionized the Civil Rights: Black Panthers1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Panther Movement made a progressive contribution to the US and civil rights. In order for a person to understand what the Civil Rights movement was, they would need to understand what political movements were involved, that made a big impact on the Black Community. What was the Civil Rights movement? The Civil Rights movement lasted from the late 1960s and early 1970s. But, the Civil Rights was not born during that time. When Abraham Lincoln was President, he had signed an agreement namedRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr And The Civil Rights Movement1134 Words   |  5 Pages Panther Power When we think of the Civil Rights Movement, we often think of the most prominent leaders like Martin Luther King Jr, Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X who’ve surely paved the way for the beginning of the movement. However many times we overlook the ones who aren’t talked about in the classrooms during Black History Month, or when we’re discussing the Civil Rights Movement. In response, I dedicate my paper on an African-American Organization to those who promoted the freedom and rights of BlackRead MoreSlavery During The United States966 Words   |  4 Pagesin the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco.† (History.com). According to PBS.org, African American slavery went on to last 245 years. During these times African Americans were oppressed, lynched and beaten. African Americans had no equal rights to their white counterparts. It wasn’t until a man named Abraham Lincoln took office, as the President of the United States, and created the Emancipatio n Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery and freed the African AmericansRead MoreThe Black Civil Rights Movement1120 Words   |  5 PagesFrom women to gay rights but it is undeniable that the black civil rights was the bloodiest and most violent among them. Two methods were used to bring message to the people: the violent or the non-violent way. Most activists and civil rights group like Martin Luther King Jr., NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) at that time chose for the latter but one did not follow that lead: the infamous Black Panthers Party. Each method hadRead MoreThe Black Panther Party By James Mcbride Vibrantly1313 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup of a bunch of blacks would turn out to be the most influential black rights movement? A group so controversial that there are many perspectives of how the general public views them. The Black Panther Party strikes up an immense amount of controversy despite their inactivity of almost 35 years. From the law enforcement’s perspective, The Black Panther Party were viewed as radical criminals who randomly murdered innocent police officers. Though from the standpoint of many blacks of the time, they

Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Question: Briefly summarize and report the statistic and discus whether the assumptions of the test were met and if the type of data was appropriate for the statistical test? Answer: Introduction: It is evident that in academic writing, authors have to follow conventional forms so that the scholars are able to interpret what the study is all about. At the same time, the scholarly article writings also frequently preside over the variety of style as well as tone the author have to employ if the article is to be satisfactory to others in the similar field. If the nature of the study is practical oriented, that is, it dealt with data, then the author must have to represent the study by mentioning what data they have employed what strategy they have followed to conclude their findings etc. So, it is necessary to assess the article with considering several parameters to understand whether the article is providing sufficient information towards the scholars. With this aim, the above mentioned article is chosen and analyzed with respect to several sub points. To assess the chosen article, here the entire critical evaluation study has been subdivided into six broad sections. The details of each of the sections are described as below: Particular test/tests use in this study: After reviewing the study executed, it is noted that the researchers of this study mainly emphasized on analysis of the effectiveness as well as the efficiency of traditional stroke care pathway and comprehensive stroke care pathway. To do so, they have used a list of statistical tests. As the study incorporates both parametric and non-parametric data, both kinds of tests were employed here. [a] Students t-test The researchers employed students t-test to assess the parametric data gathered for this study. There are twelve variables utilized in this study. The mean of all these variables for both the groups was compared using this specific test (Hardle Simar, 2012). [b] MannWhitney U-test: This particular test has been employed as an alternative of the independent sample t-test. Here, non-parametric data gathered for this study were utilized (Heckard, Utts Utts, 2012). [c] Chi-square test: This particular test has been employed to identify whether the selected two groups have an association with other or not and if associated then significant or not (Hu, Liu Lin, 2013). [d] Linear regression analysis: This particular test has been employed to assess the relationship between functional independence measure efficiency lengths of stay in ASU for both the control group (Kobayashi, Mark Turin, 2012). Brief overview of the study: It is noted that clinical research practice supports medical treatment continues to develop and get better. Under such circumstances, stroke care units have utilized a range of stroke treatment models like acute care, rehabilitation care and comprehensive stroke care. The use of any specific stroke treatment model largely depends on the patients scenario. Besides, there are also differences in care among these models (Jung Jung, 2013). Reviewing this study, it can be said that the study is mainly aimed to judge the efficiency as well as effectiveness of traditional stroke care pathway against comprehensive stroke care pathway. In this context, it is also noted that while selecting these two control groups, they have defined the comprehensive stroke care as the combination of acute and rehabilitation stoke care. On the other hand, both acute and rehabilitation stroke care remained separate in care of traditional stroke care model. It is also the fact that the researchers have employed a list of statistical test to attain the objectives of this study. The conclusion drawn by the researchers indicates that in both the control group, acute and rehabilitation stoke care remained efficient as well as effective one. But, if the comparison measure has been considered, then it can be said that comprehensive stroke care model has shown greater functional efficiency in against the traditional stoke care model. In other words, the study has concluded that while giving stoke care, the health professionals needs to consider both the acute as well as rehabilitation care together to attain better result (Miner, 2012). Statistics used in this study: As mentioned, in the above section the researchers have employed four different tests to attain the objectives of the study. In each tests, they have used certain specific statistics. The students t-test and the MannWhitney U-test have shown that mean and standard deviation of each of the variables were employed as the statistical tools (Sprinthall, 2012). In case of Chi-square test, probability value or the P value has been considered as the statistical tool (Speziale Carpenter, 2011). On the other hand, during the linear regression analysis, first of all median and inter-quartile range or IQR have been employed here to explain whether both traditional stroke care model and comprehensive stroke care model have demonstrated significant FIM efficiency or not. The correlation or the r-squared value also has been employed as the statistical tool to reveal the association between FIM efficiency and LOS spent in the ASU. Statistical assumption of this study: Prior to executing this research work, the researchers have defined the sample inclusion criteria as study design (fig 1 of the article). It has clearly depicted how the sample will be collected and who will be the final respondents in each control groups. At the same time, it is also noted that all the respondents are randomized using Stata 11 computer program software beforehand analysis of the data collected. Again, in order to measure the outcome in terms of efficiency and efficacy, certain assumptions also made by the researchers. In the context of efficacy, FIM scores are being taken into consideration, which are gathered during discharge of patients and 90 days post discharge follow up. On the other hand, to measure the efficiency, two points are considered here. First of all, total length of stay (LOS) of each of the patients in every hospitals selected are measured. Then FIM efficiency has been measured using the below mentioned formula: FIM efficiency = change in FIM score / total length of stay Level of measurement: As per the article, it can be said that the researchers have gathered data from four participating hospitals. Initially, the research has been considered total 47 patients as the sample of this study. Among these 47 patients there were 25 males and 22 females as mentioned in the result section. However, later it is found that among these there are four patients who have withdrawn their name from the study during the ASU phase and at the same time two from rest of the participants died. Finally, after going through other exclusion criteria, 20 patients were considered as the final sample of this study for comprehensive stroke care model. On the other hand, 21 patients were considered as the final sample of this study for traditional stroke care model. Here, the study has shown that in comprehensive stroke care model, the range of the age of the selected patients was 55 to 88 with mean age 73.5 years. Similarly, in case of traditional stoke care model, the range of the age of the selected patients was 34 to 99 with mean age 72.6 years. This clearly indicates that the deviation of age for comprehensive stoke care model was more than the traditional stroke care unit. As mentioned above, the researchers have collected data in two specific intervals, one during discharge of patients and other one 90 days post discharge follows up. Now, the results as described by the researchers indicate that they have found significant improvement in effectiveness of comprehensive stroke care model in against the traditional stoke care model. However, during the post 90 days follow up, the study did not find significant difference in both effectiveness levels (Strokeassociation.org, 2015). Again, when efficiency level has been measured, then it is found that the length of stay of patients in comprehensive stroke care model is more than 5 days less against the length of stay of patients in traditional stroke care model. In this context, the study has also depicted that if the participants who died and withdrawn their participations are included in the results, and then such difference will increase by 1.62 days. Finally, when, FIM efficiency has been taken into account, then it can be said that the researchers have found enough evidences to conclude that the comprehensive stroke care model have better FIM efficiency level than traditional stroke care model. Taken for consideration, the study has shown that the median value of the FIM efficiency score of comprehensive stroke care model was 1.60 with inter quartile range 0.87 2.81. On the other hand, the median value of the FIM efficiency score of comprehensive stroke care model was 0.82 with inter quartile range 0.27 1.57. This indicates that the FIM efficiency was 95% better in case of comprehensive stroke care model in compared to traditional stroke care model (Tung, 2013). Data displaying techniques: While performing any specific study, displaying results appropriately is an essential aspect as it helps the reader to relate the discussion along with the findings of the study. The reader can also easily identify whether the findings are in line with the objective stated or not. Here, the researchers have utilized both table and figures effectively to display the data gathered, data analyzed, etc. First of all, the study design mentioned as figure 1 in the article clearly explored how the data were gathered and what is the final sample size. The researchers here described these as well as presents graphically, which helps the reader to understand it clearly (Organization, 2012). So, it is the major strength of the study. At the same time, it is also noted that data calculation table presented in this study has depicted the values that are required for this study. It is the fact that each of the tests that have been employed here includes several sub tables. However, the researchers did not put all these tables in the result section. Instead, they have summarized the tables and put in such a way that supports the readers to understand what values have been considered when discussing any specific point. So, this is also strength of this study. Again, when line ar regression analysis has been performed to assess the relationship between functional independence measure efficiency lengths of stay in ASU for both the control group, there is requiring identification of the trend as well as the correlation value. In this context, it is noted that the researchers have utilized graphical presentations which clearly depicts the trend as well as correlation value. Therefore, it can be concluded that the researchers effectively utilized the figures to display the results. As a consequence, the researchers have shown the findings of the study appropriately that supports the objectives of the study. Conclusion: Thus, to conclude, it can be said that while the aim of this study is to measure the efficiency as well as effectiveness of traditional stroke care pathway against comprehensive stroke care pathway; the findings of the study appropriately shows that there is a significant improvement in comprehensive stroke care model. In other words, the study has effectively incorporates the aspects that must have to consider to reach meaningful conclusion. The researchers have accurately identified each and every small aspects related to the study to conclude such results. Thus, it can be said that the study is an effective one. The effective use of statistical test, tools, etc also supports the researchers to draw such meaningful conclusion. It is noted that while performing any study, the researcher has to exclude certain aspects due to the limitations of the study. However, it is essential to identify those limitations prior to executing the research work. This will not only strengthen the existing research study, but also supports the readers as well as other researchers who may use this study as the guidance or base point. Considering, this point, it can be said that the study has displayed a significant area of stoke care. While, in the contemporary scenario, where stroke is considered as one of the major concerns, this study no doubtly shows pathway to follow to avoid major issues related to stroke. However, the fact is that the study considered patients only from four hospitals and the size of the sample is small enough considering the importance of the subject. So, prior to validate the findings of the study externally, there is requiring conducting this study in vast scenarios. If the results still shows that the comprehensive stroke care model where both the acute and rehabilitation care are combined together evidenced improved efficiency as well as effectiveness in compared to traditional stroke care model; then the study will improve the overall scenario much more accurately. References Cho, D. (2012). The Study on the Difference of Management Performance in Public Health Care Institution.The Korean Journal Of Health Service Management,6(2), 133-140. doi:10.12811/kshsm.2012.6.2.133 Cho, D. (2012). The Study on the Difference of Management Performance in Public Health Care Institution.The Korean Journal Of Health Service Management,6(2), 133-140. doi:10.12811/kshsm.2012.6.2.133 Cooper, H. (2011).Reporting research in psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Gambrill, E., Reiman, A. (2011). A Propaganda Index for Reviewing Problem Framing in Articles and Manuscripts: An Exploratory Study.Plos ONE,6(5), e19516. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019516 Hardle, W., Simar, L. (2012).Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Berlin: Springer. Heckard, R., Utts, J., Utts, J. (2012).Statistics. Australia: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. Hu, M., Liu, Y., Lin, J. (2013).Topics in Applied Statistics. New York, NY: Springer New York. Jung, H., Jung, K. (2013). A Study on the Suicidal Ideation and Self-esteem of Nursing Students.The Korean Journal Of Health Service Management,7(3), 149-160. doi:10.12811/kshsm.2013.7.3.149 Kobayashi, H., Mark, B., Turin, W. (2012).Probability, random processes, and statistical analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Miner, G. (2012).Practical text mining and statistical analysis for non-structured text data applications. Waltham, MA: Academic Press. Organization, W. (2012).World Health Statistics 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization. Simmons, B., Bland, M., Wojciechowski, B. (2011).AP statistics 2012. New York: Kaplan Publishing. Speziale, H., Carpenter, D. (2011).Qualitative research in nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Sprinthall, R. (2012).Basic statistical analysis. Boston: Pearson Allyn Bacon. Strokeassociation.org,. (2015).Stroke Treatments. Retrieved 9 August 2015, from https://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/Treatment/Stroke-Treatments_UCM_310892_Article.jsp Tung, W. (2013). Stroke Among American Indians and Alaska Natives.Home Health Care Management Practice,25(4), 176-178. doi:10.1177/1084822313484761